Sen. Conrad: Short-Term Extension May Be Best Bet

Host Scott Simon talks with Senate Budget Committee Chairman Kent Conrad (D-ND) about the breakdown in federal debt negotiations. This week, the bipartisan "Gang of Six" — to which Conrad belongs — revived hopes of a grand bargain on a budget deal.

Source: http://www.npr.org/2011/07/23/138635451/sen-conrad-short-term-extension-may-be-best-bet?ft=1&f=1014

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Ants: 'A Global Safari With A Cast Of Trillions'

This interview was originally broadcast on June 17, 2010.

Ants are a sisterhood.

"The guys don't really do too much," entomologist Mark Moffett tells Fresh Air contributor Dave Davies. "They're kind of kicked out of the society soon after they're born. They have a single function: to have sex. OK. They have two functions. To have sex and die. And apparently that's satisfactory for them. They don't participate in the social life."

Moffett, called "the Indiana Jones of entomology" by the National Geographic Society, fell in love with ants when he was a child. He's been studying them professionally for the past 30 years — first as a researcher at Harvard and then at the University of California, Berkeley and the Smithsonian Institution.

For his dissertation, he studied Pheidologeton, commonly known as marauder ants, under the Pulitzer Prize-winning biologist E.O. Wilson. For three years, Moffett traveled through Sri Lanka, Nepal, New Guinea, Hong Kong and more to track the marauders' social behavior. He discovered that Pheidologeton evolved to avoid swarming attacks from another species called army ants.

Moffett maps his journeys around the world to research various species of ants in his new book, Adventures Among Ants: A Global Safari with a Cast of Trillions.

Among the species he details include:

  • Leafcutter ants, which can dice up tough fruit with their strong jaws
  • Weaver ants, which spin silk cocoons to protect their larvae
  • Argentine ants, which live in enormous "supercolonies" and are considered an invasive species. (One colony stretched 560 miles down the coast of California.)
  • African army ants, whiich attack prey in a herd effort and chomp down on any potential threats. (Moffett says the "bites on a fingertip were so agonizing that pulling the ant off wasn't an option: When [he] gripped the offender between two fingers of the opposite hand, she would clamp down even more savagely on the delicate finger pad.")

Moffett answers many questions about ants in his conversation with Fresh Air, including why ants attack, how they live communally and what they do when a bystander accidentally steps on their nest. He also explains why he chose to devote his life to one of the smallest creatures on Earth.

"My parents say I watched ants in diapers. That was easy because I was small then. Now I have to get down much lower," he says. "What fascinates kids in general is when [animals] do have traits we recognize in ourselves. Checking each other out ... making of nests. Every child can see similarities. My life became devoted to them. And I've stayed close to ground all my life."

Moffett has received a lifetime achievement award from the Science Museum of Long Island and the Lowell Thomas Medal from the Explorers Club. In addition, three species (including a frog and a beetle) have been named after him. His other books include The High Frontier: Exploring the Tropical Rainforest Canopy and Face to Face with Frogs.


Interview Highlights

On being stung by ants

Source: http://www.npr.org/2011/07/22/138576199/ants-a-global-safari-with-a-cast-of-trillions?ft=1&f=1007

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Norway Death Toll Jumps Higher

The death toll has topped 90 in Norway, in that country's worst spate of domestic violence since World War II. The chief suspect, Anders Behring Breivik, is in custody, accused of bombing a government building in Oslo and went on a shooting spree at a nearby camp. Host Guy Raz speaks to Anders Giaever, columnist for the Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang in Oslo.

Source: http://www.npr.org/2011/07/23/138644137/norway-death-toll-jumps-higher?ft=1&f=1004

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